Processing Speed Tasks in Working Memory Training Research
Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)
Description: The DSST is a paper-and-pencil or computerized task where participants match symbols to numbers according to a key. They are given a limited time (usually 90-120 seconds) to complete as many matches as possible. The test measures processing speed, attention, and visual-motor coordination[1].
Example: Takeuchi et al. (2011) used the DSST as part of a battery of tests to assess the effects of working memory training on processing speed. They found that working memory training using N-back tasks led to improved performance on the DSST, suggesting a transfer effect to processing speed.
Simple and Choice Reaction Time Tasks
Description: Simple Reaction Time (SRT) tasks involve responding to a single stimulus as quickly as possible. Choice Reaction Time (CRT) tasks require participants to respond differently to two or more stimuli. These tasks measure processing speed and decision-making speed[2].
Example: Dye et al. (2009) investigated the effects of action video game playing on reaction times. While not a traditional working memory training study, their research demonstrated that experience with action video games was associated with faster reaction times in both simple and choice reaction time tasks, suggesting a potential avenue for cognitive training.
References
References
Deary, I. J., Liewald, D., & Nissan, J. (2011). A free, easy-to-use, computer-based simple and four-choice reaction time programme: The Deary-Liewald reaction time task. Behavior Research Methods, 43(1), 258-268.
Dye, M. W., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2009). Increasing speed of processing with action video games. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(6), 321-326.Jaeger, J. (2018). Digit Symbol Substitution Test: The case for sensitivity over specificity in neuropsychological testing. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 38(5), 513-519.
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Sassa, Y., Nagase, T., Nouchi, R., & Kawashima, R. (2011). Effects of training of processing speed on neural systems. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(34), 12139-12148.